02785nam a2200349 a 4500 20181210070712.0 cr ||||||||||| 050819s2005 dcu sb i000 0 eng 2005618677 DLC DLC BD-DhBPA HG3881.5.W57 363.125 KOW 2006 Kopits, Elizabeth. 107750 Why have traffic fatalities declined in industrialized countries ? implications for pedestrians and vehicle occupants Elizabeth Kopits and Maureen Cropper. Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 2005 48 p. ; 23 cm. Policy research working paper ; 3678 Title from PDF file as viewed on 8/19/2005. Includes bibliographical references. "This paper examines whether the relationship between traffic fatalities and per capita income is the same for different classes of road users and investigates the factors underlying the decline in fatalities per vehicle kilometer traveled (VKT) observed in high-income countries over recent decades. Formal models of traffic fatalities are developed for vehicle occupants and pedestrians. Reduced-form approximations to these models are estimated using panel data for 32 high-income countries over 1964-2002. The results suggest that the downward-sloping portion of the curve relating traffic fatalities per capita to per capita income is due primarily to improved pedestrian safety. The more detailed models shed light on some factors influencing pedestrian fatalities per VKT, but much of the reduction in pedestrian fatalities remains unexplained. Increased motorization and a reduction in the proportion of young drivers in the population, however, clearly played a role. In contrast to pedestrian fatalities, occupant fatalities do not show a significant decline with income. What does explain declines in occupant fatalities per VKT are reductions in alcohol abuse and improved medical services, and a reduction in young drivers. The importance of demographic factors suggests that in countries where young persons (between 15 and 24 years of age) comprise an increasing share of the driving population, adopting policies to improve young driver education and reduce speeds will be crucial. "--World Bank web site. Also available in print. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Mode of access: World Wide Web. Zahid Traffic accidents. 107751 Pedestrian accidents. 107752 Automobile drivers. 26637 Cropper, Maureen L. 107753 World Bank. 107754 Policy research working papers (Online) ; 3678. 107755 ddc BK 37472 37472 0 ddc 0 0 BPATC BPATC GRR 2018-05-13 0 363.125 KOW 2006 WB3673 2018-05-13 00:00:00 2018-05-13 BK Zahid